IT and cybersecurity glossary
Short, clear explanations of IT and cybersecurity terms: EDR, NIS2, MFA, Zero Trust, ransomware, immutable backup and more.
EDR (Endpoint Detection & Response)
EDR is software that continuously monitors every computer and server, detects suspicious behaviour and automatically isolates the device before an attack spreads.
Read →NIS2
NIS2 is an EU cybersecurity directive (in Greece Law 5160/2024) that requires thousands of businesses to apply specific security measures and places accountability on management.
Read →MFA (multi-factor authentication)
MFA requires a second proof beyond the password — such as a one-time code or a confirmation on your phone — so a stolen password alone is not enough to get in.
Read →Zero Trust
Zero Trust is a security model that trusts no user or device by default — it verifies every access every time, even from inside the network.
Read →Immutable backup
An immutable backup is a backup copy that cannot be changed or deleted for a period — not by ransomware, not by an administrator — so a clean copy always exists to restore from.
Read →Ransomware
Ransomware is malicious software that encrypts a business's files and demands a ransom to unlock them, often after stealing data first.
Read →Phishing
Phishing is the attempt to trick people into revealing passwords or data, or opening a malicious file or link, usually through a fake email that looks genuine.
Read →Firewall
A firewall is the device or software that controls traffic between your network and the internet, allowing what is safe and blocking the rest.
Read →3-2-1 backup rule
The 3-2-1 rule says: keep 3 copies of your data, on 2 different media, with 1 copy off-site (ideally offline or immutable).
Read →vCISO (virtual CISO)
A vCISO is an external, experienced information security officer who takes on cybersecurity strategy, policies and oversight on a monthly basis, without a full-time hire.
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